DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS
1) the Axial-Central theory, introduced by Hurd (1924), which postulates that cities grow in an axial mode 2) the Concentric Circle theory, introduced by Burgess (1925), which postulates that the city consists of concentric rings of various uses extending around the city’s the central business district (CBD) 3) The Sector theory, introduced by Hoyt (1939), which combines the axial and concentric ring theories to suggest that a city develops partially in sectors and partially in concentric ring zones 4)The Multiple Nuclei theory, introduced by Harris and Ullman (1959), which postulates that urban growth is manifested in multiple clusters of complementary uses Hartshorn and Muller describe a five-stage model of suburban growth, which includes the following stages
1) Development of bedroom residential communities 2) Development of suburban regional malls, as well as office and industrial parks 3) Intensification of housing and commercial development and its diversification in terms of quality and price
4) Development of high-rise office towers and high-tech research and development activities in selected suburban corridors 5) Maturation of suburban downtown centers through the development of cultural, social, and recreational facilities, completing the full spectrum of land uses found in mature urban areas
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